ubuntu版本16.04：

root@vm:/data/software# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS \n \l

搜狗输入法基于fcitx，ubuntu默认是IBus，如要使用先得添加fcitx相关组件的支持。

下载安装fcitx极其相关组件：

# 添加软件库
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly
sudo apt-get install fcitx
sudo apt-get install fcitx-config-gtk
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-all
sudo apt-get install im-switch

然后在setting-Language Support中更新语言：

上面操作完成后下载搜狗输入法并安装，输入法下载地址：

ma@vm:/data/software$ sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb 
[sudo] password for ma: 
(Reading database ... 219923 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking sogoupinyin (2.2.0.0102) over (2.2.0.0102) ...
Setting up sogoupinyin (2.2.0.0102) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20180209-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5.1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.5-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.48.2-0ubuntu1) ...
No such key ''Gtk/IMModule'' in schema ''org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings'' as specified in override file ''/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override''; ignoring override for this key.
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1) ...

输入法安装成功后注销用户重新登录，在Language Support中把IBus改成fcitx：

最后进入Text Entry添加中文输入法支持：

到这里语言选项中就多了一个Sogou Pinyin了，使用Ctrl-空格即可切换。

遇到的错误

No such key ''Gtk/IMModule'' in schema ''org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings'' as specified in override file ''/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/50_sogoupinyin.gschema.override''; ignoring override for this key.

解决方法：sudo apt install libopencc1 fcitx-libs fcitx-libs-qt

参考文档

参考文档