一、下载安装
mariadb是属于mysql的一个分支,是其创始人在mysql被卖给oracle之后重新分出来的,maria取自于他女儿的名字。mariadb完全兼容于mysql,在很多新版本的linux系统中,mysql都已经被替换成了mariadb。
mariadb的官网:mariadb官网,下载地址:下载地址。最新稳定版本的下载直链为:
wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.5.0/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz
首先把安装包下载到本地,然后解压到/usr/local
目录:
tar -zxvf mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
ln -s /usr/local/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql
初始化数据库,设定数据存储目录为/appdata/mysql
,启动用户为mysql
:
# 创建mysql用户
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
# 创建数据库文件夹
mkdir /appdata/mysql -p
# 初始化数据库
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/appdata/mysql \
--user=mysql
初始化数据库的过程中如果报错:
> Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/xxx/mariadb' ...
/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Installation of system tables failed! Examine the logs in
/udata/mariadb for more information.
...
说明系统缺少组件库libaio
,需要安装手动安装:
# centos
yum install libaio libaio-devel
# ubuntu
apt install libaio1
执行成功后输出:
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/appdata/mysql' ...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
...
到这里数据库就已经安装完成了,接下来要做的就是配置。
二、配置
修改/etc/mysql/my.cnf
,设置pid/socket/log等文件的路径,把它们统一存到/appdata/mysql/run/
下:
[mysqld]
datadir=/appdata/mysql
socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.log
pid-file=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.pid
[mysql]
socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock
[mysqladmin]
socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
注意:
- /appdata/mysql/run目录要提前创建
- 如果修改了socket的路径,还要修改[mysql]和[mysqladmin]段的socket路径,要和[mysqld]中的socket路径一致
设置路径权限:
chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql /appdata/mysql
添加mysql
命令到系统路径,修改/etc/profile
文件:
MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
修改后source /etc/profile
生效。
三、添加系统服务
3.1 service系统服务
对于使用service命令启动的服务,复制mysql主目录下的support/mysql.server
文件到/etc/init.d/
:
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
然后修改文件中的配置:
basedir=/usr/local/mysql # 安装目录
datadir=/appdata/mysql # 数据目录
mysqld_pid_file_path=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.pid # pid文件目录
注意:配置要和上面my.cnf中的配置一一对应
启动:service mysqld start
。
添加到开机启动:
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
3.2 systemd系统服务
systemd服务的文件在安装路径/support-files/systemd/mariadb.service
:
cp support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service
复制完后执行systemctl start mysqld
启动服务,然后设置开机启动:
systemctl enable mysqld
四、设置root用户密码
系统服务起来后,可以使用mysqladmin
初始化root用户的密码:
mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
如果出现:
说明没有没有权限登录,需要通过安全模式启动mysql来修改root密码,在my.cnf
中添加以下内容:
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
skip-networking
然后重启服务,使用root身份登录(不用密码),执行以下命令修改密码:
use mysql;
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;
# 设置密码
set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456');
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;
如果执行命令的时候出现报错:
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MariaDB server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
说明安全模式下的权限还没有更新,要先刷新一下权限才行:
flush privileges;
修改完成后去掉my.cnf
中添加的参数,重启服务,使用上面设置的密码登陆就可以了:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.4.8-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
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